Sabtu, 13 September 2008

Biography Imam Zaman

Name :
Mohammad (a.s.) - the 12th and the last Holy Imam Title(s) :
Sahib al-Asr waz-Zamaan (Imam of the time/space),
Al-Hujjat (proof of Allah),
Al-Qaim (the present one),
Al-Muntazar (one who is awaited),
Al-Muntazir (one who waits the order of Allah),
Al-Mahdi (one who guides)
Agnomen : Abul Qasim
Father : Imam Hasan Askari(a.s.)
Mother : Sayyedah Nargis Khatoon(a.s.)
Birth : In Samarrah on 15th Shabaan 255 AH (868 AD)
Occultation : The 12th Imam is still alive but is in occultation by the will of Allah SWT.

Birth and Imamate
The promised Mahdi, who is usually mentioned by his title of Imam-i 'Asr (the Imam of the "Period") and Sahib al-Zaman (the Lord of the Age), is the son of the eleventh Imam. His name is the same as that of the Holy Prophet. He was born in Samarrah in 256/868 and until 260/872 when his father was martyred, lived under his father's care and guidance.
Sayyida Hakima who was the sister of the 10th Imam (Imam Mohammad Taqi(a.s.)) relates that she went to her nephew's (11th Imam - Imam Hasan Askari(a.s.)) house for iftaar on the 14th of Sha'ban 255 A.H.The 11th Imam asked her to stay as his son was to be born soon. There was no sign of pregnancy on Sayyida Narjis. The 11th Imam asked her to recite Suratul Qadr on Sayyida Narjis. At the time of Fajr on 15th Sha'ban Sayyida Hakima heard the Sura being recited from the womb of Sayyidah Narjis Katun (a.s.) The 11th imam told her that the birth would occur very soon.
As soon as the 12th Imam was born he did sijda and proclaimed the oneness of Allah and the Prophet Hood of the Prophet (S.A.W.)
He also recited the 5th ayat of Suratul-Qasas" And We intend to bestow (Our) favors upon those who are weak in the land and make them the Imams (leaders) and make them the heirs".
On his right hand was written the 82nd aya of Suratu Bani Israel "The truth has come and falsehood has vanished; Indeed falsehood (is a thing by nature) vanishing". The 11th Imam only told a handful of his most trusted believers of the birth of his son and to a few of his household slaves.
One of the women slaves called Naseema relates that when she went to see the baby Imam in his cradle she greeted him with salaam and was replied to. She then sneezed and the Imam said: "Yarhamukallah - it is a blessing from Allah and you have 3 days immunity from death".
The last Imam(a.s.) was hidden from public view and only a few of the elite among the Shi'ah were able to meet him. After the martyrdom of his father he became Imam and by Divine Command went into occultation (ghaybat). Thereafter he appeared only to his deputies (na'ib) and even then only in exceptional circumstances.
Ghaibat (occultation) of the last Imam (a.s.)
The Imam's ghaibat (occultation) was in two phase - Ghaibat-e-Sughra (minor occultation) was for about 69 years - 260 A.H. (872 A.D.) to 329 A.H. (939 A.D.) and the Ghaibat-e-Kubra (greater occultation) started in 329 A.H. (939 A.D.)and will continue until Allah(swt) so wills.

Why Ghaibat?
the 6th Imam, Imam as-Sadiq (a.s.) states the reason of the ghaibat as prevention against being killed.
Ishaq bin Yaqub (on authority from 12th Imam) says that all the Imams were under oppressive rulers. Our 12th Imam is hidden in order to rise in arms with obedience to no one.
Muhammad Yaqub Al-Kulayni has said that ghaibat is a test from Allah to test the steadfastness of belief in Imam.
If he is to remain in Ghaibat, what is the use of his existence?
Belief creates hope giving strength to the oppressed.
It is a deterrent for the committing of injustice as one is always aware of the constant presence of the Imam.
Why insist on 12? Why Imamah not continued and last Imam near Quiyama to do 12th Imam's work?
For one who is to cleanse the earth of all wrong and injustice is necessary for him to be born near early Islam and carry pure and pristine Islamic ideas. It is necessary to look from his vantage point at all the upheavals in the world. Personal experience of the past will make him fearless of the seemingly invincible superpowers no matter how strong they are.
Why Ghaibat-e-Sughra?
To make the Shias used to approaching scholars instead of Imam himself. It started during the time of the 10th Imam who was under almost constant house arrest in Samarra and continuing through
GHAIBAT-E-SUGHRA (160 A.H. to 329 A.H.)
During Ghaibut-us-Sughra, the Imam(a.s.) appointed four deputies/representatives to represent him among the people. After the death of the fourth deputy, the Imam(a.s.) went into Ghaibut-e-Kubra (major occultation). This was on the 10th Shawal 329 A.H. The 4 representatives were :
1. Janabe Abu Amr Usman Ibne Saeed Amri(a.r.)
It is said that at the age of 11 years he was a servant in the house of the 9th Imam(a.s.) later to enjoy the confidence of Imam. He occupied the same position of trust with the 10th and 11th Imam who told their Shias that after him they would not see the 12th Imam and would have to obey Uthman. After the 11th Imam's martyrdom Uthman moved to Baghdad and disguised as a butter seller he set up the collection of khums for Imam. He served the 12th Imam for 18 months and received a letter near his death from Imam(a.s.) telling him to appoint his son Mohammed as the next representative.
2. Janab Abu Jafar Mohammad Ibne Usman Ibne Saeed Amri (a.r.)
He continued in his fathers footsteps also acting as a butter seller. He managed to keep Imam's existence a secret from the Abbasids until the early years of the reign of Al-Mutadid. The rulers then started searching hard for Imam and killed countless mu'mineen with even the slightest resemblance to Imam. Spies were set up to probe the khums network. Imam issued an order for Shias not to take his name nor show mas'ala of khums to anyone until absolutely sure of them. As instructed by Imam he appointed Husayn bin Rawh as the next representative after his death in 305 A.H.
3. Janab Abul Qasim Husain Ibne Rauh Nawbakhti (a.r.)
His kuniyya was Abul Qasim. His sociable nature won him respect even from the Ahlul-Sunnah. He managed to keep his activities a secret from the rulers whilst maintaining good relations with them. It is to him that we address the 'ariza' to be delivered to Imam. He served faithfully until he died in Sha'ban 326 a.h. revealing the appointment of Ali bin Muhammad Samry after him.
4. Janab Abul Hasan Ali Ibne Mohammad Seymouri (a.r.)
He served for only three years. A week before his death he received a letter from the Imam(a.s.) telling him of his forthcoming death and that there would be no representative after him and that Imam(a.s.) was now going into Ghaibat-e-Kubra (major occultation). Imam(a.s.) would then appear when Allah(swt) wills it. Ali bin Muhammad Samry(a.r.) died on 15th Sha'ban 329 A.H.

GHAIBAT E KUBRA (329 A.H. to present)
Imam's ghaibat is described by the Aimma like that of Prophet Yusuf (A.S.) who was amongst his brothers yet they did not recognise him.
Imam is known to meet a believer on 3 occasions:
1. At the time of trouble.
2. He is present at every Hajj.
3. He attends the funeral of every believer who has no religious obligations pending on him/her e.g. Khums.
During this time he continues to guide. Numerous letters have been received from him by (to quote a few) Ishaq bin Yaqub, Sheikh Mufeed...
. It is reported that 30 people all over the world meet with him regularly. It is also reported that Jaziratul Khadra (green islands or Bermuda Triangle) is a vast land in Imam's kingdom occupied by a large number of Shia and governed by Imam's family.
Responsibilities During Ghaibat e Kubra
Pray for the safety of Imam(a.s.) at all time.
Be in waiting for Imam(a.s.) at all times.
Give Sadaqa for Imam(a.s.).
Pray for his re-appearance.
Whenever faced with difficulty (whether small or big) ask for assistance from Imam(a.s.).
Whenever his name is heard or recited, one should stand if possible, send salaams on him, put hand on head and bow.
If possible perform Hajj/Umra for Imam(a.s.). (Hajj-After own Wajibat)
RE-APPEARANCE OF IMAM AL MAHDI (A.S.)
" The actual time of appearance is only known by Allah"
However various indications have been given by our Aimma.
- It will be the day of Friday.
- It will be the 10th of Muharram.
- The century will be an odd number.
- There will be both a solar and lunar eclipse in the month of Ramadhan but contrary to all norms and calculations.
- A voice will be heard announcing the appearance of Imam which will be heard by all in their own language.
- Imam Ali (a.s.) related to Sa'sa bin Sawhaan: The 12th Imam will appear when:
There will be a loud noise from the sky with which the eardrums will pierce.
- Nasibayn (Iraq) will burn on all four sides.
- Basra will be abandoned.
- Turkey will be ruled by Usmanis.
- People will usurp that which they are trusted with.
- People will 'kill' Salaa. (It will not be abandoned but its essence destroyed).
- People will carry music in their pockets.
- The 5th , 6th and 7th Imams have said:
"A great man from the people of Qum will rise up and take a stand. He will invite people will invite people towards the truth. Brave people like strong mountains, not fearing fighting and having trust in Allah will come to his help.......... Finally the enemy of Islam will withdraw.............. The rule of Islamic Law will be established by the people themselves".
"Kufa will become barren of Islamic knowledge........... whilst Qum will become the centre of Islamic Fiqh............ so much so that it will spread throughout the world that not a single person will remain ignorant of the message of Islam".
"These people will be the vicegerents of the 12th Imam. Their rule will continue and link with the appearance of the 12th Imam. They will not entrust the rule established by them to any but Imam on his reappearance".
- Imam Ali (a.s.) took Kumayl bin Ziyad to the outskirts of Kufa and showed him where he was to be buried. He then told him that all round his grave there would be tall buildings carrying the sign of Shaitan on them. The sign would be called Antennae.
- Sufyani will appear. He will be a Jew but make himself apparent as a Muslim. He will be supported fully by the Christian governments and his mission will be to destroy Shias. He will offer booty to anyone who kills a Shia. The result will be such that even neighbours who have lived as brothers for years will kill Shias for money. He will be finally killed by Prophet Isa (A.S.)
- Imam will appear in Makka and his 'zahoor' will be in two stages (similar to Prophet hood of the Prophet).
1st Stage - This will be in secret and not announced to all (only to close followers).
2nd Stage - Open announcement on the 10th of Muharram (Ashura).
- In the Zil-Hajjah of the preceding to Imam's appearance on Ashura, 40 momineen who will be Imam's closest companions will realise the nearness of 'zahoor' and go for Hajj. They will not return home and on the 15th of Zil-Hijjah they will go to the Ka'ba and cry a lot.
- One of them will be called by Imam(a.s.), introduced and told to be the representative of the 40. They will all meet Imam(a.s.) between the 16th and 22nd of Zil-Hijjah. Imam will tell them that one of them will have to announce the arrival of Imam(a.s.) at the door of the Ka'ba but whosoever would do this would be killed immediately.
- On the 25th Zil-Hijjah the announcement will be made and the announcer killed (This is the blood of Nafse Zakiyya - pure soul, those whose blood will touch the Ka'ba and who is mentioned in numerous prophecies).
His blood will be avenged 2 weeks later when Imam(a.s.) will appear himself at the Ka'ba.
- Those who answer the first call will be 313 in number.
- Imam's army will consist of 10.000 momineen.
- Imam will establish his government in Kufa and his treasury in Masjidus Sahla.
Additional notes on the re-appearance of Imam(a.s.).
In Sheikh Tusi's 'Ghaybat', Abu Baseer quoted Imam Ja'fer As-Sadiq (A.S.) as saying
"The call in the name of QAIM (i.e. Imam Al Mahdi (a.s.) ) will be made in the night of the 23rd Ramadhan and he will make his appearance on the day of Ashura, the day of Imam Hussain's (a.s.) martyrdom".
Sheikh Sudooq in his book Kamaaluddin relates from Zararah that Imam Jafer as-Sadiq(a.s.) said "The announcer will call the name of the Qaim(a.s.)". I asked whether this call is for a particular group or if it is meant for everyone, Imam Jafer Sadiq(a.s.) said:
"Shaitan will not leave the people alone. He will call late in the night and will plunge people into doubt".
In the 13th volume of Bihar-ul-Anwar, Imam Al-Baqir(a.s.) is quoted as saying that "The Qaim (Imam Al-Mahdi(a.s.)) will send one of his companions to Makka and will ask him to inform them that I'm sent by so-and-so to you and that we are the merciful Ahlul-Bayt and the Store-house of 'Risalat' (religious guidance) and 'Khilafat' and we are the progeny of Muhammad(pbuh&hf) and from the time that the Prophet of Islam(pbuh&hf) left this world until now, we've been oppressed and deprived and our rights have been usurped. So we call you to befriend us. When that young man will utter these words, he will be caught and beheaded between 'Rukn' and 'madam' (in Masjidul Haram) and this young man is the 'Nafse Zaki'.......... And between the death of the 'Nafse Zaki' and the re-appearance of Imam Al-Mahdi (A.S.) there will not be a gap of fifteen nights".
Other signs heralding the reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a.s)
Prophet Muhammed (saws) has said:
"Even if the entire duration of the world’s existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left before Doomsday, Allah will expand that day to such length of time as to accommodate the kingdom of a person from my Ahlul-Bayt who will be called by name. He will fill out the earth with and justice as it will have been full of injustice and tyranny (by then)"
From this Hadith, it is clear to every Muslim that the twelfth Imam will reappear when this world is full of sins and injustice.
There are many signs mentioned by the Masumeen (a.s) on the reappearance of the 12th Imam. It is reported in Biharul Anwar that after the last pilgrimage the Prophet made, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) stood near the Kaaba, and called his people to listen to him. The Prophet said: “listen to me carefully so that you transmit these words of mine to those who are absent today.” The Prophet began, “My people, a time will come when kings and rulers will be tyrannical.” The Prophet also said that the payment of Zakat will be stopped.
According to the Masumeen(a.s), Muslim countries will seek aid from non Muslim countries. This is already evident in a number of Muslim countries. Another prediction that is come true is that 60 impostors will claim to be Prophets. By their attractiveness, their persuasion, and their personality, they will misguide the people. 58 false Prophets have already emerged since the days of the Prophet (s.a.w.). We have only two more to witness.
It is reported in Qayamat-e-Sughra citing “Oqdatud-Durr” that Hazrat Amir(a.s) has said that the Mahdi will not appear until one-third of the world population will die by being killed and one-third will die as a result of epidemics.
The Last Signs Heralding the Appearance of Imam al-Mahdi (a.s)
There is a Hadith from Imam Muhammed Baqir (a.s) that for three or seven consecutive days, one will see reddish yellow fire raging in the East.
Sufiani will emerge in Palestine, where he will start a revolt in the month of Rajab. He will be an uncompassionate rebel and his rule will last for eight consecutive months. He will conquer and rule Egypt for four consecutive months. Sufiani will conquer Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Jordan, and Syria. Sufiani has been specifically described by Aimma A.S. as an ugly, blistered, green-eyed, cross-eyed person who will be an enemy of the friends of the Ahlul-Bait. Imam Ali (a.s) has said that Sufiani’s hatred of the devotees of the Ahlul-Bait will be such that any person named Ali, Fatema, Hassan, Hussein, Zainab, Ruquaiya will be arrested and beheaded straight away without further investigations. Sufiani will rip the Mimber of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.). The holy house of the Prophet which contains his grave will be pulled and used as a stable. Horses will be tied in that Holy place.
Sufiani will then decide to attack Makka. His purpose would be to demolish the Holy Kaaba and kill the entire population of Makka. Sufiani’s army will set out via Baghdad but, as Allah would have it, when they get between Medina and Makka, in the desert of Baida, suddenly one night they will hear a voice from the sky which will say, “O Baida eat up the entire army of Sufiani.” It is said that the entire army numbering 100,000 persons will be swallowed up by the earth, except for two. The two who will be spared will suddenly encounter an angel. He will slap both of them turning their faces right round, looking behind instead of front. And that will be the time when Imam al-Mahdi (a.s) will already have reappeared in Makka. The Imam will establish his authority in the Holy Mosque at Makka in the Haram. The angel will then order one of them calling him Bashir. “O Bashir, go straight to Makka, into the Haram and inform the Imam that Sufiani’s army has been swallowed up by the land. The other called Nazir will be ordered to go to Sufiani and tell him that the Imam has already appeared. He should proceed straight to Makka and declare allegiance to him.
Sufiani will prepare to attack the Imam but will not have enough courage. The Imam will catch Sufiani in Jerusalem and will kill him.
Imam Ali (a.s) has said that nine definite signs will precede the emergence of Hazrat Mahdi (a.s). These nine signs are:
1. Dajaal will emerge.
2. A loud voice will be heard from the sky.
3. Sufiani will appear and wage a fierce war.
4. The army of Sufiani will be swallowed by a sudden opening of the land between
5. Makka and Medina in the desert of Baida.
6. A revered wise saint will be murdered in Makka. (This saint is to be a Hashimite descent.)
7. A Seyyid descendant of Imam Hassan (a.s) will emerge with his army.
8. The army of Seyyid-e-Hassan and an image of a man will appear in the sky opposite the sun.
9. There will be two eclipses in the holy month of Ramadhan contrary to the normal order and calculation and the eclipse of the moon.
10. On three occasions a loud voice from the sky will be heard in the holy month of Ramadhan.
Other Prophets(pbut) will join the Imam(a.s.)
Hazrat Isa, Hazrat Khizr, Hazrat Ilias, and Hazrat Idris(pbut) will give allegiance to the Imam(a.s.) when he reapers. Also Hazrat Jibrael(a.s.) will announce 313 companions of the Imam(a.s.). These 313 companions will be people of eminent piety, great knowledge and absolutely steadfast in their determination and faith towards the Imam(a.s.). Another 1000 people will be in the army of the Imam(a.s.). These people will fight battles and kill enemies like Dajjal, who will appear from India. Dajjal will have the musical tunes with him. Then the Imam(a.s.) will lead the prayers, Hazrat Isa(pbuh) will be behind him.
Lets us all pray for the reappearance of Imam al-Mahdi(a.s).
Bismillâhir Rahmânir Rahîm
Allâhumma shalli `alâ Muhammad wa âli Muhammad

Allâhumma thahhirnî fîhi minad danasi wal aqdzâr, wa shabbirnî fîhi `alâ kâinâtil iqdâr, wa waffiqnî fîhit tuqâ wa shuhbatal abrâr, bi'awnika yâ Qurrata `aynil masâkîn.

Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih dan Maha Penyayang Ya Allah, sampaikan shalawat kepada Rasulullah dan keluarganya.

Ya Allah, sucikan daku di dalamnya dari noda dan kotoran, anugerahkan padaku di dalamnya kesabaran pada ketentuan takdir-Mu, bimbinglah daku di dalamnya pada ketakwaan dan berteman dengan orang-orang yang baik, dengan pertolongan- Mu wahai Penyejuk hati orang-orang yang miskin.
(Mafâtihul Jinân: bab 2, pasal 3)

Keutamaan Ramadhan, amalan dan doa2nya secara lengkap, keutamaan Laylatul Qadar, dan segera diposting amalan dan doa2 Laylatul Al-Qadar:
http://islampraktis .wordpress. com


Wassalam,
R. Benny Wahyuadi


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11th of Ramazan 1429 A.H. – Anniversary of the event of Moakhat (religious brotherhood)

Assalamu ‘alaikum,

11th of Ramazan 1429 A.H. – Anniversary of the event of Moakhat (religious brotherhood)

After the migration from Makkah to Madina, the migrant muslims faced a number of difficulties including economic and social hardships. Realizing this and with the intent of eliminating difference of race, culture and status, the Prophet Muhammad(saw) decided to declare religious brotherhood among the migrants (Muhajireen) and the residents of Madina (Ansaar). This was in accordance with the instructions of Allah(swt) in the Quran where He says “Innamal mominoona ikhwa” (All momineen are brothers among themsevles). Prophet Mohammad(sawaw) gathered all muslims from the two groups and declared the concept which marked an important milestone in the Islamic History.

In making one muhajir brother of one ansaar, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) took special care of the compatibilities in their traits and nature. This way he made sure that they would easily get along as brothers and no conflict would arise between their personalities. Some of the examples of this brotherhood are as follows:
- Hazrat Abu Darda(r.a.) was made the brother of Hazrat Salman Farsi(r.a.)
- Hazrat Abuzar Ghaffari(r.a. ) was made the brother of Hazrat Manzar bin Umair(r.a.)
- Hazrat Huzaifa Yamani(r.a.) was made the brother of Hazrat Ammar Yasir (r.a.)
- Hazrat Maasab bin Umair(r.a.) was made the brother of Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari (r.a.)
- Hazrat Salama bin Waqash(r.a.) was made the brother of Hazrat Zubair bin Awam (r.a.)

During this brotherhood, Imam Ali (a.s.) was not made brother of anyone. He (a.s.) had tears in his eyes at that time and looked with inquisition at Prophet Mohammad (saw) . The Prophet (saw) held Imam Ali (a.s.)’s hand in his hand and declared in front of all Muslims that “Ali(a.s.) is my brother – in this world and the hereafter”.

Kamis, 11 September 2008

Nuzulul Qurâan dan Penetapan Takdir dalam Satu Tahun.

Sebelum kita mempertanyakan: benarkah penetapan takdir pada malam Nuzulul Qurâan?
kita pertanyakan dulu kapan terjadinya nuzulul Qurâan?
Dalam pikiran kita sering terbesit beberapa pertanyaan sekaitan dengannya, antara lain:

1. Nuzulul Qurâan itu terjadi pada tanggal 17 Ramadhan atau pada malam Al-Qadar?
2. Nuzulul Qurâan pada 17 Ramadhan itu, sekaligus atau bertahap?
3. Kalau yang dimaksudkan nuzulul Qurâan itu yang bertahap, surat atau ayat apa yang
turun saat itu?
4. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan malam Al-Qadar sebagai malam turunnya Al-Qurâan? Sementara kita meyakini bahwa malam Al-Qadar hanya terjadi pada malam ganjil di sepuluh malam terakhir bulan Ramadhan.

Memang, nuzulul Qurâan itu ada dua macam: sekaligus dan secara bertahap. Masing-masing dari dua macam nuzulul Qurâan tersebut dijelaskan di dalam Al-Qurâan.

Nuzulul Qurâan Sekaligus Allah SWT berfirman:
Bulan Ramadhan, bulan yang di dalamnya diturunkan (permulaan) Al Quran sebagai petunjuk bagi manusia dan penjelasan-penjelas an mengenai petunjuk itu dan pembeda (antara yang hak dan yang bathil).
(Al-Baqarah: 185)

Dengan menyebut nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Penyayang.
Sesungguhnya Kami telah menurunkannya (Al Quran) pada malam Al-Qadar.
Dan tahukah kamu apakah malam Al-Qadar itu? Malam Al-Qadar itu lebih baik dari seribu bulan. Pada malam itu turun para malaikat dan Ar-Ruh dengan izin Tuhannya untuk mengatur segala urusan. Malam itu (penuh) kesejahteraan sampai terbit fajar. (Surat Al-Qadar)

Demi kitab (Al-Qurâan) yang menjelaskan, sesungguhnya Kami menurunkannya pada malam yang diberkahi. Di dalamnya diperjelas (dipilah-pilah) semua persoalan yang penuh hikmah. Yaitu persoalan yang besar dari sisi Kami, sesungguhnya Kami yang mengutus
rasul-rasul, sebagai rahmat dari Tuhanmu, sesungguhnya Dia Maha Mendengar dan Maha Mengetahui. (Ad-Dukhkhan/ 44: 3-6)

Di dalam ayat-ayat tersebut makna turunnya Al-Qurâan menggunakan kata Anzalaâ. Menurut bahasa kata âAnzalamâ bermakna: turun sekaligus.
Makna ini dikuatkan oleh hadis-hadis dari Ahlul bait Nabi saw.
Penjelasan secara rinci baca artikel âMalam Al-Qadar dalam tafsir surat Al-Qadar, di:

http://islampraktis .wordpress. com
Nuzulul Qurâan Secara Bertahap Allah SWT berfirman:
Dan Al-Qurâan itu telah Kami turunkan secara bertahab agar kamu membacakannya perlahan-lahan kepada manusia dan Kami menurunkannya bagian demi bagian. (Al-Israâ: 106).

Orang-orang kafir berkata: mengapa Al-Qurâan itu tidak diturunkan kepadanya sekaligus? Demikianlah supaya Kami perkuat hatimu dengannya dan Kami membacakannya secara tartil. (Al-Furqan: 32)

Dalam dua ayat ini makna turunnya Al-Qurâan menggunakan kata Nazzalaâ. Menurut bahasa kata Nazzalaâ menunjukkan makna: Turun secara bertahap.

Selain itu juga disebutkan tentang âPenjagaan Al-Qurâanâ. Dalam ayat ini juga menggunakan kata âNazzalaâ, yakni nuzulul Qurâan secara bertahap. Yakni ayat-ayat Al-Qurâan yang disampaikan Nabi SAW kepada umatnya harus dijaga dari penyimpangan, penghinaan dan lainnya. Yang menjaga adalah Allah Yang Maha Menjaga, dan di sini Dia menggunakan kata Kami. Ini menunjukkan dalam penjagaan itu Allah swt melibatkan
Malaikat, Rasulullah SAW dan para kekasih-Nya, yakni Ahlul baitnya (sa). Tentu yang menjaga Al-Qurâan itu harus orang-orang yang terjaga (maâshum). Bagaimana mungkin orang yang tidak terjaga bisa menjaga Al-Qurâan?

Sesungguhnya Kami menurunkan Al-Qurâan, dan sesungguhnya Kami yang menjaganya.(Al-Hijr: 9)

Penetapan Takdir pada malam Al-Qadar
Imam Jaâfar Ash-Shadiq (as) berkata:

Awal tahun adalah malam Al-Qadar, di dalamnya dicatat (ditentukan takdir) apa yang akan terjadi dari tahun itu hingga tahun berikutnya.
( kitab Al-Wasail, jilid 10: 353)

Ishhaq bin Ammar bertanya kepada Imam Jaâfar Ash-Shadiq (sa): Banyak manusia mengatakan bahwa rizki itu ditentukan pembagiannya pada malam Nishfu Syaâban, benarkah itu? Beliau berkata: âTidak benar, demi Allah, hal itu terjadi kecuali pada malam ke 21 dan ke 23 Ramadhan.
Adapun malam ke 19 adalah malam pertemuan dua hal. Malam ke 21 dibeda-bedakan setiap persoalan; inilah yang dimaksudkan oleh firman Allah SWT:

Di dalamnya dibeda-bedakan setiap persoalan yang penuh hikmah.
(Ad-Dukhkhan: 4)
Adapun malam ke 23 Allah Azza wa jalla mengimdhaâ (mengesahkan) apa yang dikehendakinya, malam itu adalah malam Al-Qadar, yang dimaksudkan oleh firman Allah azza wa jalla:
Malam Al-Qadar lebih baik dari seribu bulan.
Kemudian Ishhaq bin Ammar bertanya lagi: Apa yang dimaksud dengan pertemuan dua hal? Beliau menjawab: Allah mempertemukan pada malam itu kehendak-Nya terhadap apa yang didahulukan dan yang diakhirkan, kehendak-Nya dan ketetapan-Nya.
Ishhaq bertanya lagi: Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan Allah mengimdha (mengesahkan) pada malam ke 23?
Beliau menjawab: Allah membeda-bedakan (memilah-milah) imdha-Nya pada pada malam ke 21, dan pada malam ini masih memungkinkan terjadinya badaâ (perubahan); Adapun pada malam ke 23 Allah mengimdhanya, sehingga persoalan itu mahtum (pasti) yang di dalamnya Allah SWT tidak melakukan badaâ (perubahan).
(Al-Wasail, jilid 10: 357)

Wassalam,
R. Benny Wahyuadi.

Senin, 08 September 2008

Malam Al-Qadar dalam Tafsir surat Al-Qadar

Malam Al-Qadar dalam Tafsir surat Al-Qadar

Dalam tafsirnya Al-Mizan Allamah Thabathaba'i, seorang ulama ahli tafsir, filosuf dan sufi besar di zamannya, menguraikan tentang makna Al-Qadar dalam surat Al-Qadar berikut keutamaannya dalam riwayat-riwayat hadis dan kaitannya dengan ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an. (Tafsir Al-Mizan, jilid 20: 379-384)

Terjemahan Surat Al-Qadar "Dengan menyebut nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih dan Maha Penyayang. Sesungguhnya Kami telah menurunkannya (Al Quran) pada malam Al-Qadar. Dan tahukah kamu apakah malam Al-Qadar itu? Malam Al-Qadar itu lebih
baik dari seribu bulan. Pada malam itu turun para malaikat dan Ar-Ruh dengan izin Tuhannya untuk mengatur segala urusan. Malam itu (penuh) kesejahteraan sampai terbit fajar."

Surat ini menjelaskan kepada kita bahwa: Al-Qur'an diturunkan pada malam Al-Qadar, keutamaan malam Al-Qadar lebih baik dari seribu bulan, para malaikat dan Ar-Ruh turun ke bumi atau ke langit bumi, kandungan maknanya menunjukkan bahwa surat ini turun di Madinah dikuatkan oleh riwayat-riwayat dari Ahlul bait (sa) juga dari Ahlussunnah.

Surat ini menunjukkan bahwa Al-Qur'an turun sekaligus kepada Nabi saw pada malam Al-Qadar, tidak secara bertahap. Makna ini dikuatkan oleh ayat berikut:

"Demi kitab (Al-Qur'an) yang menjelaskan, sesungguhnya Kami menurunkannya pada malam yang diberkahi." (Ad-Dukhkhan/ 44: 3)

"Di dalamnya diperjelas (dipilah-pilah) semua persoalan yang penuh hikmah. Yaitu persoalan yang besar dari sisi Kami, sesungguhnya Kami yang mengutus rasul-rasul, sebagai rahmat dari Tuhanmu, sesungguhnya Dia Maha Mendengar dan Maha Mengetahui." (Ad-Dukhkhan: 4-6)

"Bulan Ramadhan adalah bulan di dalamnya diturunkan Al-Qur'an." (Al-Baqarah: 185).

Kemudian beliau menyampaikan kepada umatnya saat itu secara bertahap.
Ini ditunjukkan oleh ayat berikut:

"Dan Al-Qur'an itu telah Kami turunkan secara bertahab agar kamu membacakannya perlahan-lahan kepada manusia dan Kami menurunkannya bagian demi bagian." (Al-Isra': 106).

"Orang-orang kafir berkata: mengapa Al-Qur'an itu tidak diturunkan kepadanya sekaligus? Demikianlah supaya Kami perkuat hatimu dengannya dan Kami membacakannya secara tartil." (Al-Furqan: 32)

Dengan penjelasan tersebut, maka tak perlu dihiraukan pendapat yang mengatakan bahwa kalimat "Anzalnâhu" dimaksudkan: Kami menurunkan Al-Qur'an dengan memulai sebagian ayat-ayatnya.

Beliau menjelaskan dan mengurakan berdasarkan kajian Qur'ani dan riwayat bahwa pada malam Al-Qadar ditetapkan takdir manusia dan kejadian-kejadian alam dalam satu tahun, dari malam Al-Qadar hingga malam Al-Qadar tahun berikutnya.

Beliau juga menyebutkan enam macam pendapat ulama tentang makna malam Al-Qadar, yang antara lain dari pendapat-pendapat itu menyatakan bahwa malam Al-Qadar hanya terjadi di zaman Nabi saw, ada juga yang mengatakan hanya terjadi sekali sepanjang zaman. Sebagaimana biasanya tafsir Al-Mizan mngementari dan mengkritik pendapat-pendapat mufassir yang menyimpang dari kajian yang benar dan logis secara Qur'ani dan
riwayat hadis yang shahih.

Beliau menyampaikan argumen logis secara Qur'an dan hadis-hadis dari Ahlul bait (sa) bahwa yang dimaksud "Ar-Ruh" dalam surat ini bukan malaikat Jibril, tetapi suatu wujud makhluk yang lebih mulia dari para malaikat. Beliau mengatakan Ar-Ruh dalam surat ini adalah Ar-Ruh yang disebutkan di dalam ayat:

Dan mereka bertanya kepadamu tentang ruh. Katakanlah: "Ruh itu termasuk urusan Tuhan-ku, dan tidaklah kamu diberi pengetahuan melainkan sedikit". (Al-Isra': 85)

Adapun "Al-Amr" dalam surat ini adalah Al-Amr yang disebutkan dalam surat Yasin:
"Sesungguhnya urusan-Nya jika Ia menghendaki sesuatu Ia mengatakan padanya `jadilah maka jadilah ia'." (Yasin: 82)

Beliau juga menegaskan bahwa malam Al-Qadar terjadi pada di antara tiga malam: malam ke 19, 21 atau 23. Tentu hal ini didasarkan pada hadis-hadis dari Ahlul bait Nabi saw. Beliau mengomentari pendapat yang menyatakan bahwa Nuzulul Qur'an terjadi pada tanggal 17 Ramadhan.

Jika Anda ingin mengetahui paparan Allamah Thabathaba'i secara detail kajian Qur'an dan riwayat hadis dari dua jalul: Ahlul bait (sa) dan Ahlul sunnah. Berikut keutamaan dan Rahasia malam Al-Qadar.

Tanda-Tanda Malam Al-Qadar dan cara mengetahuinya

Tanda-Tanda Malam Al-Qadar dan cara mengetahuinya

Muhammad bin Muslim bertanya kepada Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir (sa) tentang tanda-tanda malam Al-Qadar? Beliau menjawab: "Malam itu harum baunya, jika di musim dingin malam itu terasa panas, jika di musim panas terasa dingin, dan baunya harum." (Al-Faqih 2: 159)

Imam Ja'far Ash-Shadiq (sa) berkata: "Malam Al-Qadar terjadi setiap tahun, dan harinya seperti malamnya." (Al-Wasail 10: 359)

Rasulullah saw bersabda: "Malam Al-Qadar terjadi di bulan Ramadhan, maka hendaknya bersungguh-sungguh untuk mendapat-kannya di malam ganjil dari sepuluh malam terakhir yaitu malam ke 21 atau ke 23 atau ke 25 atau ke 27 atau ke 29 atau malam terakhir dari bulan Ramadhan. Barangsiapa yang melakukan qiyamul layl pada malam itu, ia diampuni dosa-dosa yang lalu." (Mustadrak Al-Wasail 7: 476)

Shaleh bin Muhammad pernah mengirim surat kepada Imam Abu Muhammad (sa), yang isinya bertanya tentang mandi sunnah di bulan Ramadhan. Kemudian beliau membalas suratnya: "Jika kamu mampu, hendaknya mandi sunnah pada malam ke 19, ke 21 dan ke 23. Karena malam-malam itu diharapkan datangnya malam Al-Qadar. Jika kamu tidak mampu menghidupkan malam-malam itu, maka jangan lewatkan untuk menghidupkan
malam ke 23 dengan shalat 100 rakaat, setiap rakaat setelah Fatihah membaca surat Al-Ikhlash (11 kali)." (Al-Wasail 10: 358)

Seseorang bertanya kepada Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir (sa): Bagaimana cara mengetahui bahwa malam Al-Qadar itu terjadi setiap tahun? Beliau menjawab: "Jika bulan Ramadhan datang, hendaknya kamu membaca surat Ad-Dukhkhan (100 kali) setiap malam, maka pada malam ke 23 kamu akan melihat kebenaran apa yang kamu tanyakan." (Al-Wasail 10:362)

Keutamaan malam Al-Qadar dan Peristiwa penting di dalamnya, tentang takdir kehidupan manusia di malam Al-Qadar, tanda2 malam Al-Qadar dan cara mengetahuinya, dosa2 yang diampuni dan yg tidak diampuni di malam Al-Qadar, dan dialog Nabi saw sekitar persoalan di malam Al-Qadar.